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APA (American Psychological Association) 6th is an author-date referencing style where you have an in-text citation and a related entry in a reference list at the end of your document.

APA 6th - newspaper

For the date of publication include the year, month, day. Add an edition if relevant, eg ‘early ed’. Precede section/page number(s) with ‘p.’ or ‘pp.’ Note: Electronic newspapers may not have a section or page number(s).

If there is no year of publication use the abbreviation (n.d.) for no date.


Reference list

Add a reference list at the end of your essay, citing all sources used in the body of your writing. The reference list should be in alphabetical order by the first author's surname.

One author

Two to seven authors

Eight or more authors

Group as author

Unknown author

In-text citation

When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text include the author’s name and publication date.

If you use the author’s name as part of a sentence, include the date of publication in brackets.

One author

Two authors

Three to five authors

Six or more authors

Unknown author

Quoting

Direct quotes of less than 40 words require quotation marks and the page number/s.

  • The territory of the boral caribou “extends across the country from Yukon to Labrador” (McCarthy & Semeniuk, 2017, p. A8).

  • McCarthy and Semeniuk (2017) stated that “Canada’s iconic boreal caribou population faces a trouble future” (p. A8).

See also: more on quoting, including long quotes ...


This material is based on the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2010), the APA style guide to electronic references (2012) and the APA style blog. For further information, please consult the manuals directly.

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